Single insertion delivery system for treating embolism and associated systems and methods

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for the intravascular treatment of clot material within a blood vessel of a human patient are disclosed herein. A method in accordance with embodiments of the present technology can include, for example, engaging an interventional device of a catheter system with clot material in a blood vessel and withdrawing the interventional device and the portion of the clot material through a guide catheter. In some embodiments, the catheter system can include an attachment/valve member coupled to a proximal portion of the guide catheter, and the method can include unsealing the attachment/valve member to facilitate withdrawing the interventional device through the attachment/valve member without significant retention of clot material within the attachment/valve member. The method can further include resealing and aspirating the guide catheter before advancing another interventional device to the clot material to again engage and remove clot material from the blood vessel.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/498,642, filed on Oct. 11, 2021, and titled “SINGLE INSERTION DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR TREATING EMBOLISM AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/258,344, filed on Jan. 25, 2019, and titled “SINGLE INSERTION DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR TREATING EMBOLISM AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS,” which is now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 11,154,314, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/622,691, filed on Jan. 26, 2018, and titled “SINGLE INSERTION DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR TREATING EMBOLISM AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS,” each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present technology relates generally to devices and methods for the intravascular treatment of emboli and/or thrombi within a blood vessel of a human patient. In particular, some embodiments of the present technology relate to systems for repeatedly deploying an interventional device at or proximate to a pulmonary embolism within a patient.

BACKGROUND

Thromboembolic events are characterized by an occlusion of a blood vessel. Thromboembolic disorders, such as stroke, pulmonary embolism, heart attack, peripheral thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and the like, affect many people. These disorders are a major cause of morbidity and mortality.

When an artery is occluded by a clot, tissue ischemia develops. The ischemia will progress to tissue infarction if the occlusion persists. Infarction does not develop or is greatly limited if the flow of blood is reestablished rapidly. Failure to reestablish blood flow can lead to the loss of limb, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, stroke, or even death.

In the venous circulation, occlusive material can also cause serious harm. Blood clots can develop in the large veins of the legs and pelvis, a common condition known as deep venous thrombosis (DVT). DVT arises most commonly when there is a propensity for stagnated blood (e.g., long distance air travel, immobility, etc.) and clotting (e.g., cancer, recent surgery, such as orthopedic surgery, etc.). DVT causes harm by: (1) obstructing drainage of venous blood from the legs leading to swelling, ulcers, pain, and infection, and (2) serving as a reservoir for blood clots to travel to other parts of the body including the heart, lungs, brain (stroke), abdominal organs, and/or extremities.

In the pulmonary circulation, the undesirable material can cause harm by obstructing pulmonary arteries—a condition known as pulmonary embolism. If the obstruction is upstream, in the main or large branch pulmonary arteries, it can severely compromise total blood flow within the lungs, and therefore the entire body, and result in low blood pressure and shock. If the obstruction is downstream, in large to medium pulmonary artery branches, it can prevent a significant portion of the lung from participating in the exchange of gases to the blood resulting in low blood oxygen and buildup of blood carbon dioxide.

There are many existing techniques to reestablish blood flow through an occluded vessel. One common surgical technique, an embolectomy, involves incising a blood vessel and introducing a balloon-tipped device (such as the Fogarty catheter) to the location of the occlusion. The balloon is then inflated at a point beyond the clot and used to translate the obstructing material back to the point of incision. The obstructing material is then removed by the surgeon. Although such surgical techniques have been useful, exposing a patient to surgery may be traumatic and best avoided when possible. Additionally, the use of a Fogarty catheter may be problematic due to the possible risk of damaging the interior lining of the vessel as the catheter is being withdrawn.

Percutaneous methods are also utilized for reestablishing blood flow. A common percutaneous technique is referred to as balloon angioplasty where a balloon-tipped catheter is introduced to a blood vessel (e.g., typically through an introducing catheter). The balloon-tipped catheter is then advanced to the point of the occlusion and inflated to dilate the stenosis. Balloon angioplasty is appropriate for treating vessel stenosis, but it is generally not effective for treating acute thromboembolisms as none of the occlusive material is removed and the vessel will re-stenos after dilation. Another percutaneous technique involves placing a catheter near the clot and infusing streptokinase, urokinase, or other thrombolytic agents to dissolve the clot. Unfortunately, thrombolysis typically takes hours to days to be successful. Additionally, thrombolytic agents can cause hemorrhage and in many patients the agents cannot be used at all.

Various devices exist for performing a thrombectomy or removing other foreign material. However, such devices have been found to have structures which are either highly complex, cause trauma to the treatment vessel, or lack sufficient retaining structure and thus cannot be appropriately fixed against the vessel to perform adequately. Furthermore, many of the devices have highly complex structures that lead to manufacturing and quality control difficulties as well as delivery issues when passing through tortuous or small diameter catheters. Less complex devices may allow the user to pull through the clot, particularly with inexperienced users, and such devices may not completely capture and/or collect all of the clot material.

Moreover, with many devices, it is difficult or not possible to make repeated attempts at removing clot material (e.g., to make multiple passes with a device). In particular, if a first pass with a device does not completely capture and/or collect all of the clot material, the device and an accompanying catheter system must be removed from the patient, cleaned, and subsequently reinserted into the patient in order to make a second pass and remove additional material. This can be time consuming and traumatic for the patient.

Thus, there exists a need for an improved embolic extraction device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Many aspects of the present technology can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale. Instead, emphasis is placed on illustrating clearly the principles of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 1A and 1B are perspective views of a retraction and aspiration system shown in a first state and a second state, respectively, in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

FIGS. 2A-2G are schematic illustrations of a distal portion of the retraction and aspiration system during a clot removal procedure in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

FIGS. 3A-3C are a fully-exploded view, an isometric view, and a partially-exploded view of a clot reservoir of the retraction and aspiration system in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 4 is a side view of an attachment member and a fluid control unit of the retraction and aspiration system in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of the attachment member shown in FIG. 4 .

FIG. 6 is an isometric view of a first valve insert in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are a side view and a side cross-sectional view, respectively, of the first valve insert shown in FIG. 6 inserted into the attachment member shown in FIG. 4 in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 8 is a side view of a second valve insert in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 9 is a side view of the second valve insert shown in FIG. 8 inserted into the attachment member shown in FIG. 4 in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of a process or method for operating the retraction and aspiration system in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 11 is a side view of an attachment member and a fluid control unit of the retraction and aspiration system in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 12 is a side view of the fluid control unit shown in FIG. 11 in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

FIGS. 13A and 13B are side cross-sectional views of the attachment member shown in FIG. 11 in a first configuration and a second configuration, respectively, in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 14 is a flow diagram of a process or method for operating the retraction and aspiration system in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present technology is generally directed to systems and associated devices and methods for engaging and removing clot material from a blood vessel of a human patient. In some embodiments, an interventional device can be advanced through a guide catheter and deployed within clot material in a blood vessel. The interventional device can subsequently be withdrawn from the patient through the guide catheter to remove clot material captured by the interventional device. In some embodiments of the present technology, the interventional device can be repeatedly deployed in/withdrawn from the blood vessel to capture a desired amount of the clot material—without requiring that the guide catheter be fully withdrawn from the patient after each “pass” (e.g., each repeated deployment/withdrawal of the interventional device). That is, the guide catheter may be inserted only a single time during an intravascular procedure including multiple passes to remove clot material from the patient.

Although many of the embodiments are described below with respect to devices, systems, and methods for treating a pulmonary embolism, other applications and other embodiments in addition to those described herein are within the scope of the technology (e.g., intravascular procedures other than the treatment of emboli, intravascular procedures for treating cerebral embolism, etc.). Additionally, several other embodiments of the technology can have different configurations, states, components, or procedures than those described herein. Moreover, it will be appreciated that specific elements, substructures, advantages, uses, and/or other features of the embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 1A-14 can be suitably interchanged, substituted or otherwise configured with one another in accordance with additional embodiments of the present technology. Furthermore, suitable elements of the embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 1A-14 can be used as standalone and/or self-contained devices. A person of ordinary skill in the art, therefore, will accordingly understand that the technology can have other embodiments with additional elements, or the technology can have other embodiments without several of the features shown and described below with reference to FIGS. 1A-14 .

With regard to the terms “distal” and “proximal” within this description, unless otherwise specified, the terms can reference a relative position of the portions of a retraction and aspiration apparatus and/or an associated catheter system with reference to an operator and/or a location in the vasculature. Also, as used herein, the designations “rearward,” “forward,” “upward,” “downward,” etc. are not meant to limit the referenced component to use in a specific orientation. It will be appreciated that such designations refer to the orientation of the referenced component as illustrated in the Figures; the retraction and aspiration system of the present technology can be used in any orientation suitable to the user.

I. SELECTED EMBODIMENTS OF RETRACTION/ASPIRATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF USE

FIGS. 1A and 1B are perspective views of a proximal portion of a clot retrieval system 1 configured in accordance with embodiments of the present technology, shown in a first state and a second state, respectively. Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B together, the clot retrieval system 1 includes a retraction and aspiration device 100 (“RA device 100”), a catheter system 200, and a tubing system 300. In some embodiments, the RA device 100 is coupleable to the catheter system 200 and operable to simultaneously (i) retract a portion of the catheter system 200 and (ii) aspirate through the catheter system 200. In certain embodiments, the RA device 100 and catheter system 200 can both be fluidly coupled to the tubing system 300 to enable material (e.g., blood and clot material) aspirated from the catheter system 200 to flow into the tubing system 300. In particular, the RA device 100, the catheter system 200, and the tubing system 300 can be the same as or similar to one or more of the retraction and aspiration devices, catheter systems, and tubing systems disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,526,864, filed Jun. 9, 2015, and titled “RETRACTION AND ASPIRATION DEVICE FOR TREATING EMBOLISM AND ASSOCIATED METHODS,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIGS. 2A-2G are schematic illustrations of a distal portion of the clot retrieval system 1 during a clot removal procedure in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. In particular, FIGS. 2A-2G illustrate a distal portion of the catheter system 200 that is positioned proximate to an embolism or clot material within a blood vessel (e.g., a pulmonary blood vessel). Accordingly, operation of the catheter system 200 is described with references to FIGS. 2A-2G.

FIG. 2A is a side view of a distal portion of the catheter system 200 positioned adjacent an embolism or clot material PE within a blood vessel BV (e.g., a pulmonary blood vessel). As shown in FIG. 2A, the catheter system 200 can include an outer guide catheter 206 defining a lumen 205, a delivery sheath 204 slidably received within the lumen of the guide catheter 206, and an elongated pull (and/or push) member 202 slidably received within a lumen of the delivery sheath 204. The guide catheter 206 and the delivery sheath 204 individually comprise an elongated shaft having a lumen and, in some embodiments, the push member 202 can also define a lumen (e.g., configured to receive a guidewire therethrough). In a particular embodiment, the catheter system 200 does not include a guide catheter 206 and/or a delivery sheath 204. As shown in FIG. 2A, a distal portion of the push member 202 can be integral with or coupled to an interventional device ID, such as a clot removal and/or clot treatment device, that is housed within the delivery sheath 204. Accordingly, axial movement of the pull member 202 causes axial movement of the interventional device ID.

As further shown in FIG. 2A, the delivery sheath 204 and the interventional device ID can be positioned at least partially within the clot material PE. Access to the pulmonary vessels can be achieved through the patient's vasculature, for example, via the femoral vein. The catheter system 200 can include an introducer 210 (FIGS. 1A and 1B; e.g., a Y-connector with a hemostasis valve) that can be partially inserted into the femoral vein. A guidewire (not shown) can be guided into the femoral vein through the introducer 210 and navigated through the right atrium, the tricuspid valve, the right ventricle, the pulmonary valve and into the main pulmonary artery. Depending on the location of the embolism, the guidewire can be guided to one or more of the branches of the right pulmonary artery and/or the left pulmonary artery. It will be understood, however, that other access locations into the venous circulatory system of a patient are possible and consistent with the present technology. For example, the user can gain access through the jugular vein, the subclavian vein, the brachial vein or any other vein that connects or eventually leads to the superior vena cava. Use of other vessels that are closer to the right atrium of the patient's heart can also be advantageous as it reduces the length of the instruments needed to reach the pulmonary embolism.

As shown in FIGS. 2B and 2C, the delivery sheath 204 can be withdrawn proximally (e.g., as indicated by arrow A1 in FIG. 2B) to allow the interventional device ID to expand within the clot material PE, thereby grabbing the clot material PE that is nearby. Although FIG. 2B shows the interventional device ID positioned at the treatment site such that a distal terminus of the interventional device ID is distal of a distal terminus of the clot material PE, in some procedures the interventional device ID may be positioned such that the distal terminus of the interventional device ID is proximal of the distal terminus of the clot material PE. As shown in FIG. 2D, in some embodiments the guide catheter 206 can optionally be advanced distally (e.g., as indicated by arrow A2) until the guide catheter 206 is positioned proximate to a proximal portion of the clot material PE.

Referring again to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the RA device 100 includes (i) a housing 102, (ii) an actuation mechanism that includes a lever 104 coupled to and extending from the housing 102, and (iii) a pressure source (obscured in FIGS. 1A and 1B; e.g., a syringe) positioned within the housing 102, coupled to the actuation mechanism, and configured to generate negative and/or positive pressure. The lever 104 is shown in a first position and second position in FIGS. 1A and 1B, respectively. The housing 102 can have a proximal portion 100 a, a distal portion 100 b, and an opening 114 at the distal portion 100 b configured to receive a portion of the catheter system 200 and to mechanically couple the catheter system 200 to the housing 102. For example, a proximal portion of the guide catheter 206 can include an attachment/valve member 208 that is configured to be detachably coupled to the RA device 100 (e.g., via a snap-fit arrangement) to secure the catheter 200 to the RA device 100. As described in greater detail below, the attachment/valve member 208 can fluidly couple an aspiration lumen of the catheter system 200 (e.g., the lumen 205 of the guide catheter 206) to the tubing system 300 of the clot retrieval system 1.

The housing 102 can further include a channel 116 that extends proximally from the opening 114 along approximately the length of the housing 102, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B. The channel 116 can have a height at least as great as the outer diameter of the delivery sheath 204 of the catheter system 200 (and/or another component of the catheter system 200) such that the delivery sheath 204 can fit sideways through the channel 116. In some embodiments, the pull member 202 and the interventional device ID (FIGS. 2A-2G) can be pre-loaded into the delivery sheath 204, and the delivery sheath 204 can be fed distally through the channel 116 (e.g., either via the proximal end of the channel 116 or first pushed sideways through a portion of the channel 116) and into the guide catheter 206. In other embodiments, the interventional device ID and the delivery sheath 204 are fed into the guide catheter 206 and the interventional device ID is deployed prior to coupling the guide catheter 206 to the RA device 100.

When the RA device 100 is coupled to the catheter system 200 (e.g., when the attachment/valve member 208 of the catheter system 200 is positioned within the opening 114 in the housing 102 of the RA device 100), movement of the lever 104 functions to retract a portion of the catheter system 200 positioned in the channel 116 (e.g., the delivery sheath 204 and/or the push member 202). For example, the RA device 100 can include a locking portion that grips the delivery sheath 204 (and, in some embodiments, indirectly the push member 202) to pull the delivery sheath 204 proximally as the lever 104 is moved from the first to the second position.

The tubing system 300 of the clot retrieval system 1 fluidly couples the pressure source of the RA device 100 to the aspiration lumen of the catheter system 200. When the RA device 100 is coupled to the catheter system 200, movement of the lever 104 functions to simultaneously generate negative pressure in the pressure source and to retract a portion of the catheter system 200, as described above. The tubing system 300 has a first portion 314 coupled to the pressure source, a second portion 316 coupled to the guide catheter 206, and a drainage portion 318 coupled to a reservoir 320 (e.g., a vinyl bag). The first portion 314, second portion 316, and/or drainage portion 318 can include one or more tubing sections 302 (labeled individually as tubing sections 302 a-302 f) and/or fluid control unit, such as one or more control valves. In certain embodiments, one or more of the tubing sections 302 can have a relatively large diameter (e.g., greater than about 0.1 inch, greater than about 0.210 inch, etc.) to help inhibit clogging of clot material within the tubing system 300.

More specifically, the first portion 314 can include the tubing section 302 a. The drainage portion 318 can include (i) the tubing section 302 b, (ii) a first fluid control unit (e.g., a valve) 304, and (iii) the tubing section 302 c. The second portion 316 can include (i) the tubing section 302 d, (ii) a clot reservoir 306, (iii) the tubing section 302 e, (iv) a second fluid control unit 310, and (v) the tubing section 302 f. In some embodiments, the first fluid control unit 304 can be a one-way valve (e.g., a check valve) that only allows fluid flow from the first portion 314 and/or second portion 316 to the drainage portion 318 (and not vice-versa). In certain embodiments, as described in detail with reference to FIGS. 3A-3C, the clot reservoir 306 can also include a one-way valve that only allows fluid flow from the second portion 316 to the drainage portion 318 (and not vice-versa). In some embodiments, the second fluid control unit 310 can be a stopcock or a clamp that is externally operated to regulate the flow of liquid through the second portion 316 of the tubing system 300. A Y-connector 308 can fluidly couple the first, second, and drainage portions 314, 316, 318. In other embodiments, the first, second, and/or drainage portions 314, 316, 318 can have more or fewer tubing sections, connectors, and/or fluid control unit and/or other suitable configurations.

As shown in FIGS. 1A and 2E, moving the lever 104 from the first position to the second position (indicated by arrow A1 in FIG. 1A) simultaneously (1) generates a negative pressure in the lumen 205 of the guide catheter 206 (indicated by arrow F in FIG. 1A and F1 in FIG. 2E), and (2) retracts the delivery sheath 204 and/or push member 202 proximally, thereby retracting the interventional device ID from the treatment site. During this time, in some embodiments, the guide catheter 206 remains fixed (e.g., by the housing 102) relative to the delivery sheath 204 and pull member 202. In such embodiments, as the lever 104 moves from the first position to the second position, the interventional device ID, delivery sheath 204, pull member 202, and at least a portion of the clot material PE are drawn proximally into the guide catheter 206.

As shown in FIG. 1B, moving the lever 104 from the second position to the first position (indicated by arrow A2 in FIG. 1B) creates a positive pressure (e.g., indicated by arrows F in FIG. 1B) in the first portion 314 and drainage portion 318 of the tubing system 300. The clot reservoir 306 prevents the positive pressure from affecting the aspiration lumen of the catheter system 200, thereby preventing backflow of fluid into the blood vessel BV at the treatment site. With respect to the catheter system 200, when the lever 104 is actuated from the second position to the first position, the RA device 100 does not engage the delivery sheath 204 or the push member 202 to move these components. Thus, the next time the lever 104 is actuated relative to the housing 102, the RA device 100 engages a new portion of the delivery sheath 204 and push member 202 such that the delivery sheath 204 and push member 202 are incrementally retracted proximally each time the lever 104 is “pumped” (e.g., moved from the first position toward the second position and then back toward the first position).

Depending on the age and size of the clot material PE, local anatomical and/or physiological conditions, and position of the interventional device ID relative to the clot material PE, the lever 104 can be pumped several times to fully extract the clot material PE and/or interventional device ID from the treatment site. For example, FIGS. 2D and 2E show the proximal movement of the delivery sheath 204 and pull member 202 after a first pump of the lever 104. FIGS. 2E and 2F show the proximal movement of the delivery sheath 204, pull member 202, and interventional device ID after a second pump of the lever 104 (e.g., including a second instance of pressure generation indicated by arrows F1 and F2 in FIGS. 2E and 2F, respectively). In some embodiments, the interventional device ID and the clot material PE can be fully withdrawn into the guide catheter 206 after a single pump of the lever 104. In other embodiments, such as those procedures where the interventional device ID is initially positioned such that a distal terminus of the interventional device ID is proximal of a distal terminus of the clot material PE (the clot material PE often originates in a vein of the patient's leg, and thus is cast into an elongated, worm-like shape), it can take several pumps of the lever 104 to fully withdraw the clot material PE into the guide catheter 206. Thus, in some embodiments, even when the interventional device ID is positioned within the guide catheter 206 such that a distal terminus of the interventional device ID is proximal of the distal terminus of the guide catheter 206, the lever 104 can be pumped several more times to continue to withdraw the clot material PE into the guide catheter 206 and the tubing system 300 (e.g., into the second portion 316, the clot reservoir 306, and/or the drainage portion 318).

Once the clot material PE is positioned within the guide catheter 206 such that a distal terminus of the clot material PE is proximal from a distal terminus of the guide catheter 206, the catheter system 200 can be withdrawn proximally (e.g., as indicated by arrow A3 in FIG. 2G) from the treatment site, and removed from the patient. However, sometimes, as shown in FIG. 2G, retracting the interventional device ID and delivery sheath 204 into the guide catheter 206 may not remove all of the clot material PE (or a desired amount of the clot material PE) from the blood vessel BV. That is, a single “pass” (e.g., a deployment of the interventional device ID and subsequent retraction of the interventional device ID into the guide catheter 206) may not adequately remove the clot material PE from the blood vessel BV. In such instances, the operator of the clot retrieval system 1 may wish to make another pass with the interventional device ID to remove all or a portion of the remaining clot material PE in the blood vessel BV.

To redeploy the interventional device ID, many conventional systems require that the entire catheter system, including the guide catheter 206, be fully removed from the patient (e.g., including a guide catheter). That is, if the once-deployed interventional device is reintroduced without fully removing and cleaning the catheter system, there is a significant risk that clot material and/or other contaminants from the catheter system will be reintroduced into the blood vessel of the patient during a second pass. As described in further detail below, the present technology advantageously allows for an interventional device to be redeployed without fully removing a guide catheter, and with a significantly reduced risk of reintroducing clot material and/or other contaminants into the blood vessel of the patient.

II. SELECTED EMBODIMENTS OF CLOT RESERVOIRS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OF USE

FIGS. 3A-3C are a fully-exploded view, an isometric view, and a partially-exploded view of the clot reservoir 306 of the clot retrieval system 1. With reference to FIG. 3A, the clot reservoir 306 includes a housing 322 defining a chamber 323, a filter 321 configured to be positioned within the housing 322, and a cap assembly 330 configured to be coupled to the housing 322. The housing 322 can include a port 324 configured to be removably, fluidly coupled to the catheter system 200. In some embodiments, a tubing section 326 is coupled to the port 324 during priming of the clot retrieval system 1 and, as described in further detail below with reference to FIGS. 10 and 14 , during flushing of the tubing system 300. In certain embodiments the tubing section 326 is semi-permanently coupled to the housing 322 and can be used to fluidly couple the housing 322 to the tubing system 300 and/or the catheter system 200.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3A, the cap assembly 330 includes a fluid connector (e.g., a barbed outlet) 332 for connecting to the tubing system 300 (e.g., to the tubing section 302 d shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B), a nut 333 for releasably securing the cap assembly 330 to the housing 322 (e.g., via a threaded coupling), a first cap portion 334, and a second cap portion 338. In some embodiments, the fluid connector 332 is secured to the first cap portion 334 via an adhesive 331 a, and the first cap portion 334 is secured to the nut 333 via a second adhesive 331 b. In some embodiments, the first and second adhesives 331 a, 331 b are the same. The cap assembly 330 can further include a check valve assembly 335 positioned between the first and second cap portions 334, 338 and comprising a piston 336 and a spring 339 (e.g., a passivated compression spring). The check valve assembly 335 provides for one-way fluid flow through the clot reservoir 306, for example, from the catheter system 200 to the reservoir 320 (FIGS. 1A and 1B). The clot reservoir 306 can further include one or more O-rings 337 for sealing the various components.

In operation, blood and clot material flow into the clot reservoir 306 via the port 324 as the lever 104 of the RA device 100 is moved from the first position toward the second position. Clot material is captured within the housing 322 and inhibited from exiting through the cap assembly 330 by the filter 321 while blood is allowed to flow from the port 324 to the fluid connector 332. In particular, the filter 321 inhibits clot material from passing into the check valve assembly 335, which could inhibit function of the check valve assembly 335 and/or macerate the clot material and make it indistinguishable from or difficult to distinguish from other fluids (e.g., blood) aspirated and/or removed from the patient. The check valve assembly 335 subsequently inhibits backflow of fluid through the housing 322 via the fluid connector 332 as the lever 104 of the RA device 100 is moved from the second position toward the first position. With reference to FIGS. 3B and 3C, the cap assembly 330 can be decoupled from the housing 322 to, for example, permit an operator to remove clot material collected in the housing 322. Moreover, as shown, the housing 322 may be made of a transparent material that permits the operator to visualize material within the housing 322. As described in further detail below, in some embodiments, the operator can at least partially determine whether subsequent passes using the interventional device ID are necessary by visualizing the amount of clot material collected in the housing 322.

Additional details of the clot reservoir 306, and associated devices and methods, are described in Appendix A to this application.

III. SELECTED EMBODIMENTS OF ATTACHMENT/VALVE MEMBERS, AND ASSOCIATED DEVICES AND METHODS OF USE

FIG. 4 is a side view of an attachment/valve member 408 (“attachment member 408”) of the catheter system 200 and a second fluid control unit 410 of the tubing system 300 in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. The attachment member 408 and second fluid control unit 410 can have some features generally similar to the features of the attachment/valve member 208 and second fluid control unit 310, respectively, described above with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B. For example, the attachment member 408 can be integral with or coupled to a proximal portion of the guide catheter 206 and configured to be detachably coupled to the RA device 100 (FIGS. 1A and 1B; e.g., via a snap-fit arrangement) to at least partially secure the catheter system 200 to the RA device 100. When secured to the RA device 100, the attachment member 408 can fluidly couple the lumen 205 (e.g., an aspiration lumen) of the guide catheter 206 to the tubing system 300 of the clot retrieval system 1 via the tubing section 302 f. Likewise, the second fluid control unit 410 can be a clamp (“clamp 410”) that is externally operable to regulate the flow of liquid through the tubing section 302 f. For example, the clamp 410 may be actuated (e.g., compressed or squeezed by the hand of an operator) to partially or fully restrict fluid flow through the tubing section 302 f. In some embodiments, the clamp 410 includes features for locking or maintaining the clamp 410 in a position such that it restricts fluid flow through the tubing section 302 f. FIG. 4 illustrates the clamp 410 in a position that permits fluid flow through the tubing section 302 f.

As further shown in FIG. 4 , the tubing system 300 can include a connector 417 that, for example, fluidly connects the tubing section 302 f to other portions of the tubing system 300 (e.g., those shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B). In some embodiments, the connector 417 is a quick-release connector that enables rapid coupling/decoupling of the tubing section 302 f to the clot reservoir 306 and/or other components of the tubing system 300. In some embodiments, the tubing system 300 can include a flush port adapter that can be removably coupled to the connector 417. The flush port adapter can be configured to, for example, fluidly connect a flushing device (e.g., a syringe) to the catheter system 200 so that the guide catheter 206 can further be flushed with a fluid (e.g., heparinized saline).

FIG. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of the attachment member 408 show in FIG. 4 . As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 5 , the attachment member 408 includes a body or housing 440 having a proximal opening 443 a, a distal opening 443 b, and a first lumen 441 extending between the proximal and distal openings 443 a and 443 b. The first lumen 441 further comprises a first portion 441 a having a first diameter (e.g., a constant first diameter) and a second portion 441 b having a second diameter greater than the first diameter. In some embodiments, the first diameter can be generally the same as the outer diameter of the guide catheter 206. The housing 443 further includes a branch portion 444 configured to be coupled to the tubing section 302 f and having a second lumen 442 branching from the first lumen 441. In some embodiments, the second lumen 442 can have a relatively large diameter (e.g., between about 0.098 inch and 0.210 inch, about 0.210 inch, greater than 0.210 inch, etc.) to help inhibit clogging and/or collecting of clot material within the attachment member 408 during, for example, aspiration of the guide catheter 206.

As illustrated in the embodiment of FIG. 5 , the attachment member 408 can further include a valve 445 within the second portion 441 b of the first lumen 441. The valve 445 can be, for example, a hemostasis valve configured to maintain hemostasis by preventing fluid flow in the proximal direction through the proximal opening 443 a of the attachment member 408 as the delivery sheath 204, the pull member 202, the guidewire, the interventional device ID, and/or other components of the catheter system 200 are inserted through the valve 445 for advancement to the treatment site in the blood vessel BV.

FIG. 6 is an isometric view of a first valve insert 650, such as a hub valve insert, in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. The first valve insert 650 is configured to be inserted at least partially into the first lumen 441 of the attachment member 408 (e.g., into the valve 445) through the proximal opening 443 a of the attachment member 408. Accordingly, FIGS. 7A and 7B are a side view and a side cross-sectional view, respectively, of the first valve insert 650 inserted into the attachment member 408 in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

Referring to FIG. 6 , the first valve insert 650 includes a proximal portion 651 a, a distal portion 651 b extending from the proximal portion 651 a, and a lumen 654. As illustrated in the embodiment of FIG. 6 , the proximal portion 651 a can optionally include one or more first engagement features (e.g., flanges, tabs, etc.) 652 configured to engage with the attachment member 408 of the of the catheter system 200 to securely position (e.g., lock, mate, flush, etc.) the first valve insert 650 within the attachment member 408. For example, in some embodiments, the first engagement features 652 can be configured to “snap” into (e.g., mate with) corresponding grooves on the attachment member 408. The proximal portion 651 a can further include one or more second engagement features 653 (e.g., flanges, tabs, etc.) configured to be gripped by an operator to enable the operator to, for example, easily manipulate and/or position the first valve insert 650 within the attachment member 408.

Referring to FIGS. 6-7B together, the distal portion 651 b of the first valve insert 650 is configured to be positioned at least partially within the second portion 441 b of the first lumen 441 of the attachment member 408. For example, the first valve insert 650 can be advanced distally over the delivery sheath 204 and/or the guidewire of the catheter system 200 to the attachment member 408. Once inserted into the attachment member 408, the first valve insert 650 opens (e.g., exercises) the valve 445. In some embodiments, the lumen 654 of the distal portion 651 b of the first valve insert 650 has a generally constant diameter that is generally the same as the first diameter of the first portion 441 a of the first lumen 441 of the attachment member 408. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7B, when the first valve insert 650 is within the attachment member 408, the distal portion 651 b extends substantially or entirely through the second portion 441 b of the first lumen 441 such that the lumen 654 of the first valve insert 650 and the second portion 441 a of the first lumen 441 of the attachment member 408 together define a generally continuous lumen extending through the attachment member 408 (e.g., between the distal opening 443 b of the attachment member 408 and a proximal terminus of the lumen 654).

In one aspect of the present technology, the continuous lumen formed by inserting the first valve insert 650 into the attachment member 408 can have a generally constant diameter along the length of the lumen configured to accommodate the outer diameter of the guide catheter 206. Accordingly, as described in further detail below, when a clot retaining portion of an interventional device and associated clot material are retracted proximally through the guide catheter 206, the interventional device ID does not greatly change shape (e.g., expand or compress) while passing through the attachment member 408 and the likelihood of clot material being retained within the attachment member 408 is greatly reduced.

FIG. 8 is a side view of a second valve insert 860 (e.g., an aspiration insert) in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. Similar to the first valve insert 650, the second valve insert 860 is configured to be inserted at least partially into the first lumen 441 of the attachment member 408 (e.g., through the valve 445) through the proximal opening 443 a of the attachment member 408. Accordingly, FIG. 9 is a side view of the second valve insert 860 inserted into the attachment member 408 in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

Referring to FIG. 8 , the second valve insert 860 includes a proximal portion 861 a, a distal portion 861 b extending from the proximal portion 861 a, and a lumen 864 extending through the second valve insert 860. As illustrated in the embodiment of FIG. 8 , the distal portion 861 b can optionally include one or more first engagement features (e.g., flanges, tabs, etc.) 862 configured to engage with the attachment member 408 to securely position (e.g., lock) the second valve insert 860 within the attachment member 408. For example, in some embodiments, the first engagement features 862 can be configured to “snap” into (e.g., mate with) corresponding grooves on the attachment member 408. The proximal portion 861 a can further include one or more second engagement features 865 a (e.g., flanges, tabs, etc.) configured to be gripped by an operator to enable the operator to, for example, easily manipulate and/or position the second valve insert 860 within the attachment member 408.

The proximal portion 861 a can include one or more adjustment features 865 (labeled individually as adjustment features 865 a and 865 b) for adjusting a diameter of the lumen 864. For example, in some embodiments the second valve insert 860 is a Tuohy Borst Adapter that can be adjusted, via the one or more adjustment features 865, to seal the proximal opening 443 a of the attachment member 408 by sealing the lumen 864 against a component of the catheter system 200 inserted therethrough. More particularly, referring to FIGS. 8 and 9 together, the distal portion 861 b of the second valve insert 860 is configured to be positioned at least partially within the attachment member 408 (e.g., within the second portion 441 b of the first lumen 441). For example, the second valve insert 860 can be advanced distally over the guidewire of the catheter system 200 to the attachment member 408. Once inserted into the attachment member 408, the second valve insert 860 opens (e.g., exercises) the valve 445. By tightening at least one of the adjustment features 865, at least a portion of the lumen 864 can be narrowed until a seal is formed between the second valve insert 860 and the guidewire or other component of the catheter system 200 positioned therein.

As described in further detail below, in some embodiments, the second valve insert 860 may more completely seal against components of the catheter system 200 than the valve 445 of the attachment member 408. Accordingly, use of the second valve insert 860 can improve the efficiency of aspiration of the guide catheter 206 using the RA device 100 (FIGS. 1A and 1B).

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of a process or method 1000 for operating the clot retrieval system 1 including the attachment member 408 and the first and second valve inserts 650, 860 to remove clot material from within a blood vessel (e.g., a pulmonary blood vessel) of a human patient in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. Although some features of the method 1000 are described in the context of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1A-9 for sake of illustration, one skilled in the art will readily understand that the method 1000 can be carried out using other suitable systems and/or devices.

The method 1000 includes engaging the interventional device ID of the catheter system 200 with the clot material PE in the blood vessel BV as, for example, described above with reference to FIGS. 2A-2D (block 1001). In particular, the attachment member 408 (FIGS. 4 and 5 ) of the catheter system 200 can be attached to the RA device 100, and the interventional device ID can be deployed within at least a portion of the clot material PE by proximally retracting the delivery sheath 204.

The method 1000 continues by proximally retracting the interventional device ID and associated clot material PE into the guide catheter 206 of the catheter system 200 until a distal terminus of the clot material PE is proximal from a distal terminus of the guide catheter 206 as, for example, described above with reference to FIGS. 2E-2G (block 1002). In particular, the RA device 100 can be pumped or cycled one or more times (e.g., one time, three times, five times, etc.) to retract the interventional device ID and/or delivery sheath 204 into the guide catheter 206 while simultaneously aspirating the lumen 205 of the guide catheter 206 to remove clot material PE and blood, which are drawn through the attachment member 408 and into the tubing system 300 (e.g., through the clot reservoir 306 to the reservoir 320).

In some embodiments, the interventional device ID can be retracted proximally into the guide catheter 206 without use of the RA device 100. For example, the operator can manually retract the interventional device ID and associated clot material PE into the guide catheter 206.

After initial deployment of the interventional device ID in blocks 1001 and 1002, the operator can determine whether it is necessary or desirable to redeploy the interventional device ID within the blood vessel BV of the patient in order to remove additional clot material PE that was not removed during a previous pass with the interventional device ID (block 1003). In some embodiments, the operator can visualize the amount of clot material PE collected in the clot reservoir 306 to at least partially determine whether another pass is needed. In other embodiments, the operator can rely on imaging (e.g., fluoroscopic imaging) of the blood vessel BV or other techniques known in the art to determine whether an additional pass is necessary. If another pass is not needed (e.g., the clot material PE was adequately removed), the operator can elect to withdraw the catheter system 200 from the patient (block 1004). If clot material PE remains in the vessel, the operator can prepare to redeploy the interventional device ID.

To redeploy the interventional device ID, the method 1000 includes positioning the first valve insert 650 (FIG. 6 ) and withdrawing the interventional device ID from the patient (block 1005). In particular, before positioning the first valve insert 650, the catheter system 200 can be decoupled from the RA device by (i) decoupling the attachment member 408 from the distal portion 100 b of the RA device 100 and (ii) removing the delivery sheath 204 and/or guidewire from the channel 116. Additionally, in some embodiments, the clamp 410 can be actuated (e.g., closed) to prevent fluid flow from the guide catheter 206 into the tubing system 300 during withdrawal of the interventional device ID.

The first valve insert 650 can be advanced over the delivery sheath 204 and/or guidewire of the catheter system 200 until it is positioned (e.g., seated) at least partially within the attachment member 408 (FIGS. 7A and 7B). Once the first valve insert 650 is positioned within the attachment member 408, the interventional device ID and delivery sheath can be fully withdrawn from the patient. For example, in some embodiments, the operator may grip a portion of the delivery sheath 204 that is exposed proximally from the RA device 100 and pull the delivery sheath 204 and interventional device ID proximally through the guide catheter 206. In some embodiments, the first valve insert 650 is only positioned within the attachment member 408 when the interventional device ID is proximate the attachment member 408. That is, the operator may partially withdraw the delivery sheath 204 and interventional device ID within the guide catheter 206 before advancing the first valve insert 650 into position. In some embodiments, the delivery sheath 204 includes a marking (e.g., a specific color pattern) configured to indicate to the operator that the distal end of the delivery sheath 204 and/or the interventional device ID is near (e.g., proximally approaching) the attachment member 408. In certain embodiments, the guidewire of the catheter system 200 is pinned during withdrawal of the interventional device ID and the delivery sheath 204 such that the guidewire does not move relative to the interventional device ID and the delivery sheath 204. Therefore, in such embodiments, the guidewire does not need to be re-advanced to the treatment site prior to an additional pass.

In operation, the first valve insert 650 helps create a lumen of constant diameter through the attachment member 408 such that a diameter of the interventional device ID does not substantially change (e.g., expand and/or contract) as the interventional device ID is withdrawn proximally through the attachment member 408. In particular, the first valve insert 650 can effectively shield the interventional device ID from the valve 445 of the attachment member 408. Without the first valve insert 650, as the interventional device ID is withdrawn proximally it can expand within the attachment member 408 (e.g., as the interventional device ID passes through the second portion 441 b of the first lumen 441) before being squeezed (e.g., radially collapsed) as it passes through the valve 445. Without the first valve insert 650, the valve 445 may strip (e.g., break off, shear, etc.) clot material PE that held by the interventional device ID. This can cause clot material PE to remain in the attachment member 408 after the interventional device ID is fully withdrawn from the patient, which presents a significant risk that remaining clot material PE will be reintroduced into the blood vessel BV of the patient if a second pass is made with the interventional device ID without fully removing the guide catheter 206 from the patient to enable cleaning of the guide catheter 206 and the attachment member 408. The first valve insert 650 of the present technology inhibits clot material PE engaged with the interventional device ID from being stripped by the valve 445 within the attachment member 408 and, therefore, enables a second pass with the interventional device ID to be made without removing the guide catheter 206 from the patient.

The method 1000 includes removing the first valve insert 650 and positioning the second valve insert 860 (FIG. 9 ) (block 1006). For example, the first valve insert 650 can be withdrawn proximally over the guidewire of the catheter system 200 and the second valve insert 860 can then be advanced distally over the guidewire until it is positioned within the attachment member 408. In some embodiments, the first valve insert 650 is removed and the second valve insert 860 is inserted into the attachment member 408 immediately after the delivery sheath 204 and interventional device ID are withdrawn from the patient. Prompt removal of the first valve insert 650 can restore function of the valve 445 and prevent excess blood from leaking through the lumen 654 of the first valve insert 650 once the delivery sheath 204 and interventional device ID are removed.

Positioning the second valve insert 860 further includes adjusting (tightening) the second valve insert 860 over the guidewire to seal the proximal opening 443 a of the attachment member 408. In some embodiments, the method 1000 need not include positioning of the second valve insert 860. Instead, the valve 445 of the attachment member 408 may provide a suitable seal for subsequent aspiration steps. However, in some embodiments, use of the second valve insert 860 can provide a better seal between the guidewire of the catheter system 200 and the attachment member 408, and thus improve the efficiency of aspiration using the RA device 100.

The method 1000 includes aspirating the guide catheter 206 by, for example, pumping or cycling the lever 104 of the RA device 100 one or more times (block 1007). In embodiments where the clamp 410 was previously closed (e.g., at block 1005), prior to pumping the lever 104, the operator can actuate (e.g., open) the clamp 410 to permit fluid flow from the guide catheter 206 into the tubing system 300. Aspirating the guide catheter 206 removes any residual clot material PE remaining in the guide catheter 206. Accordingly, the residual clot material PE is not reintroduced into the blood vessel BV of the patient when the interventional device ID and delivery sheath 204 are subsequently advanced through the guide catheter 206 during another pass. In certain embodiments, the guide catheter 206 can further be flushed with a fluid (e.g., heparinized saline). For example, the connector 417 can be decoupled from the tubing system 300 and the fluid can be introduced from a flushing device (e.g., a syringe) through a flush port adapter coupled (e.g., semi-permanently coupled) to the connector 417.

In some embodiments, the guide catheter 206 can be aspirated without use of the RA device 100. For example, a syringe or other pressure source can be fluidly coupled directly to the connector 417 and used to aspirate the guide catheter 206. In such embodiments, opening of the clamp 410 fluidly connects the syringe to the lumen 205 of the guide catheter 206 and closing of the clamp 410 fluidly disconnects the syringe from the lumen 205 of the guide catheter 206. In some embodiments, the syringe or other pressure source can be pre-charged with a vacuum—such as by drawing a plunger of the syringe with the clamp 410 closed. The clamp 410 can then be opened to instantaneously or nearly instantaneously (e.g., immediately) apply the stored vacuum pressure to the tubing system 300 and to the lumen 205 of the guide catheter 206, thereby generating suction throughout the guide catheter 206. In particular, suction can be generated at a distal portion of the guide catheter 206. In one aspect of the present technology, pre-charging or storing the vacuum before applying the vacuum to the lumen 205 of the guide catheter 206 is expected to generate greater suction forces with a faster ramp time (and correspondingly greater fluid flow velocities) at and/or near a distal portion of the guide catheter 206 as compared to, for example, simply activating the pressure source of the RA device 100 by cycling the lever 104 of the RA device 100. These suction forces generated by application of the stored vacuum can be used to not only aspirate the guide catheter 206, but also to aspirate or otherwise remove some or all of the clot material PE remaining in the blood vessel BV after retraction of the interventional device ID.

The method 1000 includes flushing the tubing system 300 (block 1008). In some embodiments, flushing the tubing system 300 includes (i) actuating (e.g., closing) the clamp 410 to inhibit fluid flow from the guide catheter 206 into the tubing system 300, (ii) disconnecting the tubing section 326 of the clot reservoir 306 from the tubing section 302 e and the connector 417 of the tubing system 300, (iii) placing the tubing section 326 into a container of fluid (e.g., saline), and (iv) pumping the lever 104 of the RA device 100 to draw the fluid through the tubing system 300. In some embodiments, the housing 322 of the clot reservoir 306 can be temporarily disconnected (e.g., unscrewed) from the cap assembly 330 so that the clot material PE in the clot reservoir 306 can be removed. In certain embodiments, the tubing system 300 need not be flushed prior to a second pass with the interventional device ID or another interventional device. In some embodiments, flushing the tubing system 300 can include attaching a syringe to the fluid connector 332 of the clot reservoir 306 and/or to the tubing section 302 a of the tubing system 300 and using the syringe to generate a negative pressure to draw the fluid through the clot reservoir 306.

After the tubing system 300 has been flushed, the method 1000 can return to block 1001. In particular, the same interventional device ID and delivery sheath 204 can be cleaned and subsequently advanced through the guide catheter 206 and to the remaining clot material PE in the blood vessel BV. In some embodiments, a new interventional device and delivery sheath can be used for each pass to reduce the likelihood of contamination (e.g., reintroduction of clot material PE into the patient). Once the desired amount of clot material PE has been removed from the patient, the catheter system 200 may be fully withdrawn from the patient (block 1004).

In one aspect of the present technology, the method 1000 provides for multiple passes of an interventional device without requiring that the entire guide catheter be removed after each pass. Accordingly, the present technology allows for only a single insertion of a guide catheter during a procedure including multiple passes to remove clot material—increasing the speed of the procedure and reducing trauma to the patient since the guide catheter does not need to be reintroduced (e.g., advanced through the vasculature and past the heart) before each pass.

Moreover, in certain embodiments, the present technology can enable the guide catheter 206 to be relocated to an alternate treatment site within the patient without removing the guide catheter 206 from the patient and, therefore, without reintroducing the guide catheter 206 through the heart. For example, the guide catheter 206 can be relocated to another treatment site within the lungs including a treatment site in the opposite lung. More specifically, (i) a dilator can be reintroduced into the guide catheter 206, (ii) the guide catheter 206 can be withdrawn into the main pulmonary artery, (iii) the guidewire can be redirected to the new treatment site, (iv) the guide catheter 206 can be advanced over the guidewire to the new treatment site, and (v) the dilator can be removed.

Additional details of the systems, devices, and methods described above with reference to FIGS. 4-9 are provided in Appendix B to this application.

IV. OTHER SELECTED EMBODIMENTS OF ATTACHMENT/VALVE MEMBERS, AND ASSOCIATED DEVICES AND METHODS OF USE

FIG. 11 is a side view of an attachment/valve member 1108 (“attachment member 1108”) of the catheter system 200 and a second fluid control unit 1110 of the tubing system 300 in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. The attachment member 1108 and the second fluid control unit 1110 can have some features generally similar to the features of the attachment members 208, 408 and the second fluid control unit 310, 410, respectively, described above with reference to FIGS. 1A-10 . For example, the attachment member 1108 can be integral with or coupled to a proximal portion of the guide catheter 206 and configured to be detachably coupled to the RA device 100 (FIGS. 1A and 1B; e.g., via a snap-fit arrangement) to at least partially secure the catheter system 200 to the RA device 100. When secured to the RA Device 100, the attachment member 1108 can fluidly connect the lumen 205 (e.g., an aspiration lumen) of the guide catheter 206 to the tubing system 300 of the clot retrieval system 1 via the tubing section 302 f. Likewise, the second fluid control unit 1110 can be a stopcock (“stopcock 1110”) that is externally operable to regulate the flow of fluid through the tubing section 302 f.

As further shown in FIG. 11 , the tubing system 300 can include a connector 1117 for, for example, fluidly connecting the tubing section 302 f and the stopcock 1110 to other portions of the tubing system 300 (e.g., those shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B). In some embodiments, the connector 1117 is a quick-release connector that enables rapid coupling/decoupling of the tubing section 302 f and stopcock 1110 to other components of the tubing system 300.

FIG. 12 is a side view of the stopcock 1110 in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 12 , the stopcock 1110 includes a grip member (e.g., a handle, a knob, etc.) 1211 that can be actuated (e.g., twisted by the hand of an operator) to partially or fully restrict fluid flow through the tubing section 302 f. In some embodiments, the stopcock 1110 also includes an injection port 1212 (e.g., a needleless injection port) configured to receive a syringe or other fluid delivery member therethrough. In some embodiments, the injection port 1212 permits fluid to be introduced into the attachment member 1108 and the guide catheter 206 without requiring that a connector 1117 be decoupled from the tubing system 300. For example, in some embodiments, an operator can actuate the stopcock 1110 (e.g., twist the grip member 1211) to close the stopcock 1110 and subsequently introduce a syringe at the injection port 1212 to flush the guide catheter 206 with a fluid (e.g., saline) introduced via the syringe.

FIGS. 13A and 13B are side cross-sectional views of the attachment member 1108 in a first configuration and a second configuration, respectively, in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. The attachment member 1108 can be, for example, a garrote valve (e.g., a hemostasis valve) as disclosed in provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 62/554,931, filed Sep. 6, 2017, and titled “HEMOSTASIS VALVES AND METHODS OF USE,” which is reproduced in Appendix D to this application, and which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

In particular, referring to FIGS. 13A and 13B together, the attachment member 1108 can include a housing 1370 having a proximal opening 1373 a and a distal opening 1373 b, and defining a first lumen (e.g., an interior channel) 1371 extending between the proximal and distal openings 1373 a, 1373 b. The housing 1370 further includes a branch portion 1380 configured to be coupled to the tubing section 302 f and defining a second lumen 1381 branching from the first lumen 1371. In some embodiments, the second lumen 1381 can have a relatively large diameter (e.g., between about 0.098 inch and 0.210 inch, about 0.210 inch, greater than 0.210 inch, etc.) to help inhibit clogging and/or collection of clot material within the attachment member 1108 during, for example, aspiration of the guide catheter 206. In one aspect of the present technology, the first lumen 1371 can have a generally constant diameter along its length.

As shown, a tubular member (e.g., an elongate member) 1372 can extend at least partially through the first lumen 1371 to define a central lumen 1374 that is generally coaxial with the first lumen 1371. In some embodiments, the tubular member 1372 can comprise a compliant tubular structure (e.g., a silicon tube) that can be, for example, a thin-walled compliant tubular structure. The thin-walled structure of the tubular member 1372 can facilitate the collapse, and specifically the uniform collapse of the tubular member 1372 and sealing of the tubular member 1372. For example, the attachment member 1108 can further include an actuation mechanism 1375 coupled to the tubular member 1372 and configured to collapse and seal the tubular member 1372 via compression and/or constriction of one or more filaments 1376 coupled to the tubular member 1372.

More specifically, in some embodiments, the actuation mechanism 1375 can be a manual actuator such as one or more buttons 1378. Depression or release of the buttons can, in some embodiments, facilitate sealing of the tubular member 1372 around tools or instruments of a wide range of sizes and/or diameters that fit through the tubular member 1372. For example, FIG. 13A illustrates the attachment member 1108 with the actuation mechanism 1375 in the first configuration in which the tubular member 1372 is in a collapsed and/or sealed state having a minimum diameter (e.g., conformed to a diameter of a portion of a catheter system inserted therethrough). In the embodiment shown in FIG. 13A, the actuation mechanism 1375 is biased (e.g., by one or more springs 1377) to maintain the tubular member 1372 in the collapsed state. Specifically, in the first configuration, the actuation mechanism 1375 can tighten the filament 1376 to constrict or compress the tubular member 1372 to seal the central lumen 1374 of the tubular member 1372. Thus, when the buttons 1378 are not depressed, the attachment member 1108 can provide a hemostatic seal.

As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 13B, the attachment member 1108 is in an expanded (e.g., open) and/or unsealed state having a maximum diameter (e.g., a diameter generally the same as the first lumen 1371). More particularly, one or more of the buttons 1378 may be depressed to, for example, loosen the filament 1376 and allow expansion of the tubular member 1372 to unseal the central lumen 1374 of the tubular member 1372.

Accordingly, the actuation mechanism 1375 and tubular member 1372 of the attachment member 1108 provide for sealing of the attachment member 1108 around, for example, various components of the catheter system 200 (e.g., the delivery sheath 204, the pull member 202, the guidewire, the interventional device ID, etc.) that are inserted through the attachment member 1108 for advancement to the treatment site in the blood vessel BV. Moreover, in the second configuration, the central lumen 1374 of the tubular member 1372 and the first lumen 1371 of the housing 1370 can together provide a continuous lumen of generally constant diameter. As described above, such a constant diameter can prevent clot material PE associated with the interventional device ID from getting stuck in (e.g., remaining in) the attachment member 1108 as the interventional device ID is retracted through the attachment member 1108—thus minimizing the risk of reintroducing clot material to the patient upon a second pass using the interventional device ID (or another interventional device).

FIG. 14 is a flow diagram of a process or method 1400 for operating the clot retrieval system 1 including the attachment member 1108 to remove clot material from within a blood vessel (e.g., a pulmonary blood vessel) of a human patient in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. Although some features of the method 1400 are described in the context of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 11-13 for sake of illustration, one skilled in the art will readily understand that the method 1400 can be carried out using other suitable systems and/or devices.

The method 1400 includes engaging the interventional device ID of the catheter system 200 with the clot material PE in the blood vessel BV as, for example, described above with reference to FIGS. 2A-2D (block 1401). In particular, the attachment member 1108 of the catheter system 200 can be coupled to the RA device 100, and the interventional device ID can be deployed within at least a portion of the clot material PE by proximally retracting the delivery sheath 204 relative to the interventional device ID.

The method 1400 continues by proximally retracting the interventional device ID and associated clot material PE into the guide catheter 206 of the catheter system 200 until a distal terminus of the clot material PE is proximal from a distal terminus of the guide catheter 206 as, for example, described above with reference to FIGS. 2E-2G (block 1402). In particular, the RA device 100 can be pumped or cycled one or more times (e.g., one time, three times, five times, etc.) to retract the interventional device ID and/or delivery sheath 204 into the guide catheter 206 while simultaneously aspirating the lumen 205 of the guide catheter 206 to remove clot material PE and blood, which are drawn through the attachment member 1108 of the catheter system 200 and into the tubing system 300 (e.g., through the clot reservoir 306 to the reservoir 320).

In some embodiments, the interventional device ID can be retracted proximally into the guide catheter 206 without use of the RA device 100. For example, the operator can manually retract the interventional device ID and associated clot material PE into the guide catheter 206.

After the initial deployment of the interventional device ID in blocks 1401 and 1402, the operator can determine whether it is necessary or desirable to redeploy the interventional device ID within the blood vessel BV of the patient in order to remove additional clot material PE that was not removed during a previous pass with the interventional device ID (block 1403). In some embodiments, the operator can visualize the amount of clot material PE collected in the clot reservoir 306 to at least partially determine whether another pass is needed. In other embodiments, the operator can rely on imaging (e.g., fluoroscopic imaging) of the blood vessel BV or other techniques known in the art to determine whether an additional pass is necessary. If another pass is not needed (e.g., the clot material PE was adequately removed), the operator can elect to withdraw the catheter system 200 from the patient at block 1404. If clot material PE remains in the vessel, the operator can prepare to redeploy the interventional device ID.

To redeploy the interventional device ID, the method 1400 includes withdrawing the interventional device ID from the patient (block 1405). In particular, before withdrawing the interventional device ID, the catheter system 200 can be decoupled from the RA device by (i) decoupling the attachment member 1108 from the distal portion 100 b of the RA device 100 and (ii) removing the delivery sheath 204 and/or guidewire from the channel 116 of the RA device 100. Additionally, in some embodiments, the stopcock 1110 can be actuated (e.g., twisted closed) to prevent fluid flow from the guide catheter 206 into the tubing system 300 during withdrawal of the interventional device ID.

The delivery sheath 204 and/or another component of the catheter system 200 may then be manually (e.g., by the operator) or automatically pulled proximally to withdraw the interventional device ID from the patient. Before the interventional device ID and associated clot material PE are withdrawn through the attachment member 1108, the actuation mechanism 1375 of the attachment member 1108 can be actuated (e.g., by depressing the buttons 1378) to move the tubular member 1372 to the second configuration (e.g., to open the tubular member 1372) such that the central lumen 1374 of the tubular member 1372 and the first lumen 1371 of the housing 1370 together provide a continuous lumen of generally constant diameter. Accordingly, the interventional device ID can be fully withdrawn (e.g., retracted proximally) through the attachment member 1108 without causing a significant amount of clot material PE associated with the interventional device ID to remain in the attachment member 1108—thus minimizing the risk of reintroducing clot material to the patient upon an additional pass using the interventional device ID (or another interventional device). Moreover, in certain embodiments, the guidewire of the catheter system 200 is pinned during withdrawal of the interventional device ID and the delivery sheath 204 such that the guidewire does not move relative to the interventional device ID and the delivery sheath 204. Therefore, in such embodiments, the guidewire does not need to be re-advanced to the treatment site prior to an additional pass.

Once the interventional device ID has been fully removed from the guide catheter 206 and the attachment member 1108, the attachment member 1108 can be returned to the first (e.g., sealed) configuration by, for example, releasing the buttons 1378. Next, the method includes aspirating the guide catheter 206 by, for example, pumping or cycling the lever 104 of the RA device 100 one or more times (block 1406). In embodiments where the stopcock 1110 was previously closed (e.g., at block 1405), prior to pumping the lever 104, the stopcock 1110 can be opened to permit fluid flow from the guide catheter 206 into the tubing system 300. Aspirating the guide catheter 206 removes any residual clot material PE remaining in the guide catheter 206. Accordingly, the residual clot material PE is not reintroduced into the blood vessel BV of the patient when the interventional device ID and delivery sheath 204 (or another interventional device ID) are subsequently advanced through the guide catheter 206 during another pass. In certain embodiments, the guide catheter 206 can further be flushed with a fluid (e.g., heparinized saline). For example, the fluid can be introduced through the injection port 1212 while simultaneously pressing the buttons 1378 of the attachment member 1108. In certain embodiments, the stopcock 1110 can be closed (e.g., at block 1406), and a syringe can be connected to the injection port 1212 and used to generate a negative pressure prior to opening the stopcock 1110 to permit fluid flow from the guide catheter 206 into the syringe.

In some embodiments, the guide catheter 206 can be aspirated without use of the RA device 100. For example, a syringe or other pressure source can be fluidly coupled directly to the connector 1117 and used to aspirate the guide catheter 206. In such embodiments, opening of the stopcock 1110 fluidly connects the syringe to the lumen 205 of the guide catheter 206 and closing of the stopcock 1110 fluidly disconnects the syringe from the lumen 205 of the guide catheter 206. In some embodiments, the syringe or other pressure source can be pre-charged with a vacuum— such as by drawing a plunger of the syringe with the stopcock 1110 closed. The stopcock 1110 can then be opened to instantaneously or nearly instantaneously (e.g., immediately) apply the stored vacuum pressure to the tubing system 300 and to the lumen 205 of the guide catheter 206, thereby generating suction throughout the guide catheter 206. In particular, suction can be generated at a distal portion of the guide catheter 206. In one aspect of the present technology, pre-charging or storing the vacuum before applying the vacuum to the lumen 205 of the guide catheter 206 is expected to generate greater suction forces with a faster ramp time (and correspondingly greater fluid flow velocities) at and/or near a distal portion of the guide catheter 206 as compared to, for example, simply activating the pressure source of the RA device 100 by cycling the lever 104 of the RA device 100. These suction forces generated by application of the stored vacuum can be used to not only aspirate the guide catheter 206, but also to aspirate or otherwise remove some or all of the clot material PE remaining in the blood vessel BV after retraction of the interventional device ID.

The method 1400 includes flushing the tubing system 300 (block 1407). In some embodiments, flushing the tubing system 300 includes (i) closing the stopcock 1110 to inhibit fluid flow from the guide catheter 206 into the tubing system 300, (ii) disconnecting the tubing section 326 of the clot reservoir 306 from the tubing section 300 e of the tubing system 300, (iii) placing the tubing section 326 into a container of fluid (e.g., saline), and (iv) pumping the lever 104 of the RA device 100 to draw the fluid through the tubing system 300. In some embodiments, the housing 322 of the clot reservoir 306 can be temporarily decoupled (e.g., unscrewed) from the cap assembly 330 so that the clot material PE in the clot reservoir 306 can be removed. In certain embodiments, the tubing system 300 need not be flushed prior to an additional pass with the interventional device ID. In some embodiments, flushing the tubing system 300 can include attaching a syringe to the fluid connector 332 of the clot reservoir 306 and/or to the tubing section 302 a of the tubing system 300 and using the syringe to generate a negative pressure to draw the fluid through the clot reservoir 306.

After the tubing system 300 has been flushed, the method 1400 can return to block 1401. In particular, the same interventional device ID and delivery sheath 204 can be cleaned and subsequently advanced through the guide catheter 206 and to the remaining clot material PE in the blood vessel. In some embodiments, a new interventional device ID and delivery sheath 204 can be used for each pass to reduce the likelihood of contamination (e.g., reintroduction of clot material PE). Once the desired amount of clot material PE has been removed from the patient, the catheter system 200 may be fully withdrawn from the patient (block 1404).

In one aspect of the present technology, the method 1400 provides for multiple passes of an interventional device without requiring that the entire guide catheter be removed after each pass. Accordingly, the present technology allows for only a single insertion of a guide catheter during a procedure including multiple passes to remove clot material—increasing the speed of the procedure and reducing trauma to the patient since the guide catheter does not need to be reintroduced (e.g., advanced through the vasculature and past the heart) before each pass.

Moreover, in certain embodiments, the present technology can enable the guide catheter 206 to be relocated to an alternate treatment site within the patient without removing the guide catheter 206 from the patient and, therefore, without reintroducing the guide catheter 206 through the heart. For example, the guide catheter 206 can be relocated to another treatment site within the lungs including a treatment site in the opposite lung. More specifically, (i) a dilator can be reintroduced into the guide catheter 206, (ii) the guide catheter 206 can be withdrawn into the main pulmonary artery, (iii) the guidewire can be redirected to the new treatment site, (iv) the guide catheter 206 can be advanced over the guidewire to the new treatment site, and (v) the dilator can be removed.

Additional details of the systems, devices, and methods described above with reference to FIGS. 11-14 are provided in Appendix C to this application.

V. EXAMPLES

1. A method for the intravascular treatment of clot material from a treatment site within a blood vessel of a human patient, the method comprising:

-   -   engaging a first interventional device with the clot material at         the treatment site in the blood vessel;     -   retracting the first interventional device and a portion of the         clot material into a distal portion of an elongated shaft;     -   inserting a first valve insert into an attachment member coupled         to a proximal portion of the elongated shaft;     -   withdrawing the first interventional device and the portion of         the clot material proximally through (a) the elongated         shaft, (b) the attachment member, and (c) the first valve         insert;     -   inserting a second valve insert into the attachment member         instead of the first valve insert;     -   aspirating the elongated shaft; and     -   advancing a second interventional device distally through the         elongated shaft to the treatment site.

2. The method of example 1 wherein, after inserting the first valve insert into the attachment member, the first valve insert and the attachment member together define a lumen having a generally constant diameter.

3. The method of example 2 wherein the diameter of the lumen is generally the same as the diameter of the elongated shaft.

4. The method of any one of examples 1-3 wherein inserting the first valve insert into the attachment member includes exercising a valve of the attachment member.

5. The method of any one of examples 1-4, further comprising actuating the second valve insert to seal the attachment member.

6. The method of any one of examples 1-5 wherein the first interventional device and the second interventional device are the same interventional device, and wherein the method further comprises cleaning the interventional device to remove the portion of the clot material.

7. The method of any one of examples 1-6, further comprising engaging the second interventional device with remaining clot material at the treatment site in the blood vessel.

8. The method of any one of examples 1-7 wherein aspirating the elongated shaft includes aspirating, into the elongated shaft, at least a portion of clot material remaining at the treatment site in the blood vessel.

9. The method of example 8 wherein aspirating the elongated shaft includes—

-   -   coupling a syringe to the elongated shaft via a fluid control         unit, wherein opening of the fluid control unit fluidly connects         the syringe to the elongated shaft, and wherein closing of the         fluid control device fluidly disconnects the syringe from the         elongated shaft;     -   drawing a plunger of the syringe to generate a vacuum while the         fluid control unit is closed; and     -   opening the fluid control unit to apply the vacuum to the         elongated shaft to thereby aspirate the portion of the remaining         clot material into the elongated shaft.

10. The method of example 9 wherein the fluid control unit is a clamp.

11. A method for the intravascular treatment of clot material from a treatment site within a blood vessel of a human patient, the method comprising:

-   -   engaging a first interventional device with the clot material at         the treatment site in the blood vessel;     -   retracting the first interventional device and a portion of the         clot material into a distal portion of an elongated shaft;     -   withdrawing the interventional device and the portion of the         clot material from the blood vessel through the elongated shaft         and an attachment member coupled thereto, including—         -   before withdrawing the interventional device through the             attachment member, actuating the attachment member to move             the attachment member from a first configuration in which a             lumen of the attachment member is sealed to a second             configuration in which the lumen of the attachment member is             open;         -   after withdrawing the interventional device through the             attachment member, actuating the attachment member to return             the attachment member to the first configuration from the             second configuration;     -   aspirating the elongated shaft; and     -   advancing a second interventional device distally through the         elongated shaft to the treatment site.

12. The method of example 11 wherein actuating the attachment member includes pressing one or more buttons on the attachment member.

13. The method of example 11 or 12 wherein in the second configuration, the lumen of the attachment member has a generally constant diameter.

14. The method of example 13 wherein the diameter of the lumen is generally the same as a diameter of the elongated shaft.

15. The method of any one of examples 11-14 wherein the first interventional device and the second interventional device are the same interventional device, and wherein the method further comprises cleaning the interventional device to remove the portion of the clot material.

16. The method of any one of examples 11-15, further comprising engaging the second interventional device with remaining clot material in the blood vessel.

17. The method of one of examples 11-16 wherein aspirating the elongated shaft includes—

-   -   coupling a syringe to the elongated shaft via a stopcock,         wherein opening of the stopcock fluidly connects the syringe to         the elongated shaft, and wherein closing of the stopcock fluidly         disconnects the syringe from the elongated shaft;     -   drawing a plunger of the syringe to generate a vacuum while the         stopcock is closed; and     -   opening the stopcock to apply the vacuum to the elongated shaft         to thereby aspirate, into the elongated shaft, at least a         portion of clot material remaining at the treatment site in the         blood vessel.

18. A method for the intravascular treatment of clot material from a treatment site within a blood vessel of a human patient, the method comprising:

-   -   engaging an interventional device with the clot material at the         treatment site in the blood vessel;     -   retracting the interventional device and a portion of the clot         material into a distal portion of a lumen of an elongated shaft;     -   unsealing an attachment member coupled to a proximal portion of         the elongated shaft;     -   withdrawing the interventional device and the portion of the         clot material through the lumen of the elongated shaft and         through the attachment member;     -   sealing the attachment member;     -   aspirating the elongated shaft; and     -   advancing the same or a different interventional device distally         through the lumen of the elongated shaft to the treatment site.

19. The method of example 18 wherein unsealing the attachment member includes exercising a valve of the attachment member such that a lumen of the attachment member has a diameter that is about equal to a diameter of the lumen of the elongated shaft.

20. The method of example 18 or 19, further comprising:

-   -   engaging the same or the different interventional device with         clot material remaining in the blood vessel; and     -   retracting the same or the different interventional device         interventional device and a portion of the remaining clot         material into the distal portion of the lumen of the elongated         shaft;     -   unsealing the attachment member; and     -   withdrawing the same or the different interventional device and         the portion of the remaining clot material through the lumen of         the elongated shaft and through the attachment member.

VI. CONCLUSION

The above detailed descriptions of embodiments of the technology are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the technology to the precise form disclosed above. Although specific embodiments of, and examples for, the technology are described above for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the technology as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. For example, although steps are presented in a given order, alternative embodiments may perform steps in a different order. The various embodiments described herein may also be combined to provide further embodiments.

From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that specific embodiments of the technology have been described herein for purposes of illustration, but well-known structures and functions have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of the embodiments of the technology. Where the context permits, singular or plural terms may also include the plural or singular term, respectively.

Moreover, unless the word “or” is expressly limited to mean only a single item exclusive from the other items in reference to a list of two or more items, then the use of “or” in such a list is to be interpreted as including (a) any single item in the list, (b) all of the items in the list, or (c) any combination of the items in the list. Additionally, the term “comprising” is used throughout to mean including at least the recited feature(s) such that any greater number of the same feature and/or additional types of other features are not precluded. It will also be appreciated that specific embodiments have been described herein for purposes of illustration, but that various modifications may be made without deviating from the technology. Further, while advantages associated with some embodiments of the technology have been described in the context of those embodiments, other embodiments may also exhibit such advantages, and not all embodiments need necessarily exhibit such advantages to fall within the scope of the technology. Accordingly, the disclosure and associated technology can encompass other embodiments not expressly shown or described herein. 

I/We claim:
 1. A system for aspirating occlusive material from a blood vessel of a patient, comprising: a handle body having a connector configured to be coupled to an aspiration catheter; a pump assembly carried by the body, the pump assembly having a vacuum source including a barrel and a plunger slidably received in the barrel, wherein the barrel and plunger define a chamber; a manual actuation mechanism carried by the handle body and coupled to the pump assembly, the actuation mechanism configured to impart relative motion between the barrel and the plunger that creates an aspiration vacuum within the chamber; a flow system having an aspiration portion fluidically coupled to the vacuum source and the connector and a drainage portion; a first one-way valve associated with the aspiration portion of the flow system, the first one-way valve allowing flow to the vacuum source and preventing flow to the catheter; a second one-way valve configured be associated with the drainage portion, the second one-way valve (a) allowing flow to the drainage portion while the first one-way valve prevents flow to the catheter and (b) preventing flow from the drainage portion while the first one-way valve allows flow to the vacuum source.
 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a filter in the flow system configured to filter occlusive material from blood.
 3. The system of claim 2 wherein the filter comprises: a filter housing having a first end portion and a second end portion, the filter housing having a port at the first end portion configured to be fluidically coupled to the catheter and a cap at the second end portion fluidically coupled to the vacuum source; and a filter element positioned in the housing between the first end portion and the second end portion.
 4. The system of claim 1 wherein the first one-way valve is positioned in the filter housing.
 5. The system of claim 1 wherein the handle body comprises an outer housing and the actuation mechanism comprises a lever coupled to the outer housing and the plunger, wherein the lever is movable between a first position in which the plunger and the barrel define a first volume within the chamber and a second position in which the plunger and the barrel define a second volume within the chamber larger than the first volume such that moving the handle from the first position to the second position generates the aspiration vacuum within the chamber.
 6. The system of claim 1 wherein the handle body comprises an outer housing and the actuation mechanism comprises a lever coupled to the outer housing and the barrel, wherein the lever is movable between a first position in which the plunger and the barrel define a first volume within the chamber and a second position in which the plunger and the barrel define a second volume within the chamber larger than the first volume such that moving the handle from the first position to the second position creates the aspiration vacuum within the chamber.
 7. The system of claim 1 wherein the handle body comprises an outer housing and the actuation mechanism comprises a lever coupled to one of the plunger or the barrel.
 8. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a reservoir coupled to the drainage portion of the flow system; and a filter positioned to separate occlusive material from blood before the blood flows into the reservoir.
 9. A system for aspirating occlusive material from a blood vessel of a patient, comprising: a housing; a connector carried by the housing and configured to be coupled to an aspiration catheter; a pump assembly carried by the housing, the pump assembly having a vacuum source including a barrel and a plunger slidably received in the barrel, wherein the barrel and the plunger define a chamber; a manual actuation mechanism carried by the housing and coupled to the pump assembly, the actuation mechanism configured to impart relative motion between the barrel and the plunger that creates an aspiration vacuum within the chamber; a flow system having an aspiration portion fluidically coupled to the vacuum source and the connector and a drainage portion; a first one-way valve associated with the aspiration portion of the flow system, the first one-way valve allowing flow to the vacuum source and preventing flow to the catheter; a second one-way valve configured be associated with the drainage portion, the second one-way valve (a) allowing flow to the drainage portion while the first one-way valve prevents flow to the catheter and (b) preventing flow from the drainage portion while the first one-way valve allows flow to the vacuum source.
 10. The system of claim 9, further comprising a filter in the flow system configured to filter occlusive material from blood.
 11. The system of claim 10 wherein the filter comprises: a filter housing having a first end portion and a second end portion, the filter housing having a port at the first end portion configured to be fluidically coupled to the catheter and a cap at the second end portion fluidically coupled to the vacuum source; and a filter element positioned in the filter housing between the first end portion and the second end portion.
 12. The system of claim 11 wherein the first one-way valve is positioned in the filter housing.
 13. The system of claim 9 wherein the actuation mechanism comprises a lever coupled to the housing and the plunger, wherein the lever is movable between a first position in which the plunger and the barrel define a first volume within the chamber and a second position in which the plunger and the barrel define a second volume within the chamber larger than the first volume such that moving the handle from the first position to the second position creates the aspiration vacuum within the chamber.
 14. The system of claim 9 wherein the actuation mechanism comprises a lever coupled to the housing and the barrel, wherein the lever is movable between a first position in which the plunger and the barrel define a first volume within the chamber and a second position in which the plunger and the barrel define a second volume within the chamber larger than the first volume such that moving the handle from the first position to the second position creates the aspiration vacuum within the chamber.
 15. The system of claim 9 wherein the actuation mechanism comprises a lever coupled to one of the plunger or the barrel.
 16. The system of claim 9, further comprising: a reservoir coupled to the drainage portion of the flow system; and a filter positioned to separate occlusive material from blood before the blood flows into the reservoir. 